Američki Forbes je u najnovijem broju napravio članak o BiH. Glavne crtice:
Nezaposlenost na afričkoj razini, konkurentnost gospodarstva na najnižim razinama, državna potrošnja preko 50% BDP-a, jedan od najnižih europskih pokazatelja GDP per capita.
Da nije Bosne i Hercegovine, Srbija bi najvjerojatnije bila najdepresivnija ex-yu zemlja. BDP u BiH je 12 milijardi dolara, BDP po glavi stanovnika 4,821 dolar. BiH ima najveći stupanj nezaposlenosti u regiji: 43.3 posto, a ovo je dramatično loš pokazatelj čak i za afričke uvjete. Javni dug BiH je 43 % GDP-a. BiH je tek na 85. mjestu na listi zemalja pogodnih za razvoj biznisa.
Državna potrošnja, otprilike 50 % BDP-a, je visoka zbog viška institucija na državnom, entitetskom i općinskom nivou. Privatizacija državnih poduzeća je bila spora, pogotovo u Federaciji BiH gdje politička podjela između etnički utemeljenih političkih stranaka čini dogovor o gospodarskoj politici još težim. Značajan deficit tekućeg proračuna i visoka stopa nezaposlenosti i dalje su dva najozbiljnija makroekonomska problema u zemlji.
Originalni tekst:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
At a Glance
GDP Growth: 1.7%
GDP/Capita: 4,821
Trade Balance: -8.8%
Population: 3,900,000
Public Debt As % of GDP: 43%
Unemployment: 43.3%
Inflation: 3.7%
Bosnia and Hercegovina has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform. The interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-99 at high percentage rates from a low base; but output growth slowed in 2000-02. Part of the lag in output was made up during 2003-08, when GDP growth exceeded 5% per year. However, the country experienced a decline in GDP of nearly 3% in 2009 reflecting local effects of the global economic crisis. One of Bosnia’s main economic challenges since the recession began has been to reduce spending on public sector wages and social benefits to meet the IMF’s criteria for obtaining funding for budget shortfalls. Banking reform accelerated in 2001 as all the Communist-era payments bureaus were shut down; foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, now control most of the banking sector.
The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) – the national currency introduced in 1998 – is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased. Bosnia’s private sector is growing, but foreign investment has dropped off sharply since 2007. Government spending, at roughly 50% of GDP, remains high because of redundant government offices at the state, entity and municipal level. Privatization of state enterprises has been slow, particularly in the Federation where political division between ethnically-based political parties makes agreement on economic policy more difficult. A sizeable current account deficit and high unemployment rate remain the two most serious macroeconomic problems. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a predictable source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization (WTO) membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector. The country has received a substantial amount of foreign assistance and will need to demonstrate its ability to implement its economic reform agenda in order to advance its stated goal of EU accession. In 2009, Bosnia and Herzegovina undertook an International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby arrangement, necessitated by sharply increased social spending and a fiscal crisis exacerbated by the global economic downturn. The program aims to reduce recurrent government spending and to strengthen revenue collection. However, disbursement of IMF aid was suspended in 2011 after a parliamentary deadlock left Bosnia without a state-level government. In 2011, the country continued to recover from a recession caused by the global financial crisis. Unemployment and poverty are high. Ethnic and political stalemate slow reform and discourage investment. Bosnia relies heavily on West Europe for trade and credit.
Link: http://www.forbes.com/places/bosnia-and-herzegovina/
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